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Uncovering the rural-urban gap in determinants of infant mortality in Punjab-Pakistan

Saher Jabeen1, Khalid Mushtaq1, Abdus Samie1

  • 1Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare : Official Journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives
|September 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Infant mortality in Pakistan is influenced by maternal, child, and family factors. Improving women's education and household economics can reduce infant deaths, but rural-urban disparities persist.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Demography
  • Socioeconomics

Background:

  • Infant mortality remains a critical public health issue in Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Significant disparities exist in infant health outcomes between rural and urban populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate socio-economic, demographic, health-seeking, and environmental determinants of infant mortality.
  • To analyze the rural-urban divide in factors influencing infant mortality in Punjab, Pakistan.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 38,405 households from the 2017-18 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
  • Assessed 125 UNICEF-developed indicators related to mother and child well-being in Punjab.

Main Results:

  • Maternal, child, and family characteristics are primary risk factors for infant mortality.
  • Household socioeconomic status, social practices, environment, and healthcare utilization significantly impact infant mortality.
  • Increased women's education, birth spacing, and improved household economic status correlate with reduced infant mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the rural-urban gap in infant mortality determinants is a pressing health priority in Pakistan.
  • Socioeconomic position, education, and healthcare access are key to reducing infant mortality.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate the risks faced by infants in rural Punjab.
Abstract

Keywords:
Health disparitiesInfant mortalityPunjab-PakistanRural–urban gap

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