Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

3.5K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
3.5K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

31.1K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
31.1K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

9.2K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.2K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

38.2K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
38.2K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

22.5K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
22.5K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

12.7K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
12.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: GAS6/AXL Inhibition Enhances Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and PARP Inhibition through Increased DNA Damage and Enhanced Replication Stress.

Molecular cancer research : MCR·2026
Same author

KDM7B-mediated demethylation of RNF113A regulates small cell lung cancer sensitivity to alkylation damage.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

DNA-damaging chemotherapy reshapes cardiac-resident macrophage composition and function.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Human MutLα activates methylpurine DNA glycosylase to induce alkylation damage cytotoxicity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

CRISPR activation of the ribosome-associated quality control factor ASCC3 ameliorates fragile X syndrome phenotypes in mice.

Science translational medicine·2025
Same author

Targeting the COP9 signalosome overcomes platinum resistance in ovarian cancer through two distinct genome stability mechanisms.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

3.6K

How RNA impacts DNA repair.

Ning Tsao1, Mohamed E Ashour1, Nima Mosammaparast1

  • 1Department of Pathology & Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Center for Genome Integrity, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

DNA Repair
|September 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

RNA plays a surprising role in maintaining genome stability by aiding DNA repair pathways. This review explores how these DNA repair-associated RNAs, including modified forms, influence DNA integrity.

Keywords:
DNA recombinationDNA repairDNA replicationR-loopsRNARibonucleotide

More Related Videos

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

10.3K
Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells
08:18

Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 5, 2017

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

3.6K
Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

10.3K
Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells
08:18

Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 5, 2017

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The central dogma describes unidirectional genetic information flow (DNA to RNA to protein).
  • Exceptions like reverse transcription challenge this dogma, with genomes adapting to RNA-to-DNA processes.
  • Genomic integrity is maintained by repair pathways, with recent discoveries highlighting RNA's role.

Conclusions:

  • RNA represents an unexpected but crucial component of genomic maintenance.
  • The interplay between RNA and DNA repair pathways is vital for maintaining DNA integrity.
  • Further research into RNA's multifaceted roles in genome stability is warranted.