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In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Interpolation time-optimized aortic pulse wave velocity estimation by 4D flow MRI.

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Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements are improved by a critical interpolation time (iTCrit). This method reduces in vitro differences and maintains in vivo accuracy for cardiovascular disease screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI) enables non-invasive assessment of regional aortic stiffness via pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimation.
  • Variations in flow waveform shape can impact the accuracy of 4D flow PWV measurements, necessitating investigation into optimal parameters.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for reliable cardiovascular disease screening using 4D flow PWV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of interpolation time (iT) on 4D flow PWV measurements.
  • To propose and validate a critical interpolation time (iTCrit) that balances accuracy and computational efficiency.
  • To compare iTCrit with conventional methods in both phantom and human studies.

Main Methods:

  • 4D flow PWV values were calculated using a cross-correlation algorithm with varying interpolation times.
  • In vitro studies utilized flexible and stiff phantom models to determine a critical iT (iTCrit).
  • In vivo studies compared iTCrit with a conventional iT of 1 ms (iT1 ms) in six healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

  • The proposed iTCrit reduced the mean difference in in vitro 4D flow PWV values by 19% compared to iT1 ms.
  • In vivo measurements using iTCrit showed similar differences to those obtained with iT1 ms.
  • A difference estimation model was developed to predict PWV discrepancies based on known PWV and iT values.

Conclusions:

  • The critical interpolation time (iTCrit) offers an improved approach for 4D flow PWV estimation, enhancing accuracy in phantom studies.
  • iTCrit provides comparable in vivo results to conventional methods, suggesting its clinical applicability.
  • This research contributes to a better understanding of PWV variations influenced by physiological factors and waveform acquisition parameters.