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Birth mode is associated with development of atopic dermatitis in infancy and early childhood

Sveinung T Hoel1, Johanna Wiik2,3,4, Karin C L Carlsen1,5

  • 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Global
|October 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Caesarean section (CS) birth is linked to a higher risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) by age three, especially for early-onset AD. However, birth mode did not influence persistent AD development in this study.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Dermatology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Caesarean section (CS) delivery is a known risk factor for allergic diseases.
  • The association between CS birth and atopic dermatitis (AD) development requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birth mode and AD in 3-year-old children.
  • To determine if birth mode influences early-onset or persistent AD within the first three years of life.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, population-based cohort study (PreventADALL) included 2129 mother-child pairs.
  • Birth modes included traditional vaginal, water birth, and CS (pre- or post-labor onset).
  • Early-onset AD was defined as eczema at 3 months with an AD diagnosis by 3 years; persistent AD required eczema at 1 year and 3 years with an AD diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) was diagnosed in 25% of children by age three.
  • CS birth was associated with increased odds of AD by age three (aOR 1.33) and early-onset AD (aOR 1.63).
  • Infants born via CS after labor onset showed the highest odds of early-onset AD (aOR 1.83); birth mode did not impact persistent AD.

Conclusions:

  • Caesarean section (CS) delivery is associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) by age three.
  • The association is particularly notable for early-onset AD, defined by eczema at 3 months.
  • No significant link was found between birth mode and persistent AD in the first three years.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisC-sectionbirth modecaesarean sectionearly onset atopic dermatitisobstetricspersistent atopic dermatitisvaginal birthwater birth

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