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Fungal extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation: from virulence factor to clinical application

Jie Liu1, Xiaoping Hu1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Institute of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|October 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key in host-pathogen interactions during invasive fungal infections (IFI). This review explores their potential as diagnostic tools and vaccine vehicles for treating IFI.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Invasive fungal disease (IFD) presents a global health challenge, particularly for immunocompromised individuals, due to limited treatments and rising drug resistance.
  • Despite progress, challenges persist, including a lack of effective vaccines, standardized diagnostics, and potent antifungal drugs for invasive fungal infections (IFI).
  • Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), carrying diverse biomolecules, are increasingly recognized for their roles in fungal physiology and pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on fungal EVs in host-pathogen interactions.
  • To explore the potential of fungal EVs as diagnostic biomarkers for IFI.
  • To assess the utility of fungal EVs as vaccine delivery vehicles for IFI treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on fungal EVs.
  • Analysis of research on EV composition and function.
  • Synthesis of findings on EV roles in host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Fungal EVs mediate interactions between fungi and the host immune system.
  • EVs contain virulence factors and can influence disease development.
  • EVs show promise as diagnostic targets and components of novel antifungal strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal EVs are critical players in the pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections.
  • EVs offer significant potential for developing new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies, including vaccines, for IFI.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional roles and clinical applications of fungal EVs.
Keywords:
EVsIFDdiagnosisimmune systemvaccine vehicles

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