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Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Oana-Andreea Dogariu1,2, Ioan Dogariu2, Mihaela Berceanu3

  • 1PhD Student, Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania.

Current Health Sciences Journal
|October 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cervical arterial dissection, a cause of stroke in young adults, involves blood breaching the artery wall. Diagnosis relies on advanced imaging like MRI or CT angiography, though treatment remains debated.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cervical arterial dissection involves blood entering the artery wall, often affecting internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
  • It is a significant cause of acute ischemic stroke, particularly in younger individuals and those with head trauma.
  • Spontaneous dissections are linked to genetic conditions, notably fibromuscular dysplasia.

Observation:

  • Dissections frequently occur in the extracranial segments of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
  • The condition is associated with both spontaneous events and traumatic injuries.
  • Fibromuscular dysplasia is a key genetic condition associated with arterial dissection.

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1 fat-saturation (T1 FS) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy.
  • These advanced imaging techniques offer excellent sensitivity and specificity for identifying cervical artery dissections.
  • Diagnosis is crucial for understanding stroke etiology in affected populations.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis via MRI or CTA is essential for managing patients with cervical artery dissection.
  • Understanding the underlying causes, including genetic factors and trauma, informs clinical approaches.
  • Further research is needed to clarify optimal therapeutic strategies for stroke prevention and management in these cases.

Keywords:
Cervical artery dissectioncranio-cervical traumastrokevertebral artery occlusion

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