Superior mesenteric artery embolism associated with Cisplatin-induced aortic thrombosis

Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy are among the most important factors affecting cancer prognosis. Cisplatin-induced aortic thrombosis is rare but can be life-threatening in the event of peripheral embolism. In this report, we describe a case of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) embolism associated with cisplatin-induced aortic thrombosis. A 66-year-old male, diagnosed with esophageal cancer, initiated systemic chemotherapy with a regimen consisting of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, combined with radiotherapy. After 7 days of chemoradiotherapy, the patient developed a floating thrombus in the ascending aorta and an SMA embolism; chemoradiotherapy was then discontinued. Laparoscopy revealed an ischemic small intestine that required resection; intravenous unfractionated heparin was initiated 3 days after. Computed tomography showed disappearance of the floating aortic thrombus and reduce SMA thrombus size. Early detection of cisplatin-induced aortic thrombosis may prevent fatal outcomes in symptomatic peripheral embolisms, such as SMA embolism, considering anticoagulation, and discontinuation of cisplatin-based chemotherapy may cause resolution of thrombus events.