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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection
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Novel insights from spatial transcriptome analysis in solid tumors.

Jun Du1, Zhi-Jie An2, Zou-Fang Huang3

  • 1Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujiang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|October 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Spatial transcriptomics reveals tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment details by mapping gene expression in intact tissues. This technology overcomes single-cell RNA sequencing limitations, offering new insights into solid tumors.

Keywords:
solid tumorspatial transcriptomicstumor heterogeneitytumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Spatial transcriptomics, emerging in 2016, provides spatially resolved gene expression data from intact tissues.
  • It addresses limitations of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) by retaining spatial context.
  • This technology is increasingly vital for studying complex biological systems, particularly tumor heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research progress on spatial transcriptomics applications in investigating tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment in solid tumors.
  • To summarize breakthroughs and diverse applications of spatial transcriptomics in cancer research.
  • To highlight the potential of integrated multiomics approaches for deeper biological insights.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on spatial transcriptomics techniques and their application in cancer research.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on solid tumors to understand heterogeneity and microenvironment.
  • Exploration of how spatial transcriptomics integrates with other techniques and multiomics data.

Main Results:

  • Spatial transcriptomics has enabled advancements in cell clustering, cell-cell interactions, and understanding cellular metabolism within tumors.
  • It provides critical insights into gene expression patterns, immune cell programs, and tumor microenvironment composition.
  • Integration with other techniques and multiomics approaches enhances the resolution and scope of analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool for dissecting tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment, offering significant advantages over traditional methods.
  • Single-cell multiomics, combining various transcriptomic data, demonstrates superior validity for in-depth single-cell analysis.
  • Future progress in data integration promises a more comprehensive, multilayered understanding of subcellular landscapes and disease mechanisms.