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Cognitive function in recent-onset demyelinating diseases.

O Lyon-Caen, R Jouvent, S Hauser

    Archives of Neurology
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cognitive impairment affects 60% of patients with recent demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). These early deficits impact visual and verbal skills, highlighting the need for early diagnosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurology
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Recent demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis, can present with subtle or no overt cognitive impairment.
    • Understanding early cognitive changes is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of these neurological conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and nature of cognitive disturbances in patients with early-stage multiple sclerosis (MS) and isolated optic neuritis.
    • To assess the relationship between cognitive impairment and disease activity, handicap, or depressive status in recent demyelinating diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 30 patients with definite/probable MS (duration < 2 years) or recent optic neuritis, all without clinical cognitive impairment.
    • Administered neuropsychological tests to assess visual and verbal efficiency.

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  • Compared patient results to a control group of 29 individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • Mild to moderate cognitive impairment was detected in 18 (60%) of the 30 patients, affecting visual and/or verbal functions.
    • These cognitive abnormalities were statistically significant compared to the control group.
    • No correlation was found between cognitive impairment and depressive status, disease handicap, or disease activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent (60%) even in the early stages of demyelinating diseases like MS.
    • Neuropsychological testing may aid in diagnosing early or subtle forms of MS.
    • Further research is needed to understand the natural history of cognitive functions in MS.