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Infants Eligible for Neonatal Hypoglycemia Screening: A Systematic Review
Michelle O'Brien1,2, Catherine Gilchrist1, Lynn Sadler3,4
1Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
JAMA Pediatrics
|October 2, 2023
Summary
Neonatal hypoglycemia screening is recommended, but guidelines vary. A study found about one-quarter of infants met screening criteria, highlighting the need for research into which infants benefit most.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Neonatal hypoglycemia is common and linked to neurodevelopmental issues.
- Existing guidelines recommend screening at-risk infants, but the proportion needing screening is unclear.
Approach:
- Systematic review of 18 clinical practice guidelines for neonatal hypoglycemia.
- Retrospective cohort study of 101,372 infants using criteria from the highest-scoring guideline.
- Analysis of screening criteria variability and proportion of eligible infants over 15 years.
Key Points:
- Guideline quality and screening criteria for neonatal hypoglycemia lacked consensus.
- The highest-scoring guideline identified infants of diabetic mothers, preterm, SGA, or with extreme birth weights as eligible.
- Overall, 26.3% of infants were eligible for screening, with no significant change over 15 years.
Conclusions:
- Significant variability exists in clinical guidelines for neonatal hypoglycemia screening.
- Approximately one-quarter of infants met screening criteria, indicating a substantial need for screening.
- Further research is necessary to determine which infants benefit most from neonatal hypoglycemia screening.
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