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Macroevolution, differentiation trees, and the growth of coding systems.

Abir U Igamberdiev1, Richard Gordon2

  • 1Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.

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|October 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of multicellular organisms hinges on developmental programs and stable states. Continuing differentiation, driven by gene expression and cell interactions, fuels evolutionary change and organism complexity.

Keywords:
DifferentiationHyper-restorationMacroevolutionMetamorphosePunctuated equilibriumStable non-equilibriumTopology reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Multicellular organism evolution relies on differentiation programs guiding morphogenesis.
  • Stable adult states (stasis) direct evolutionary trajectories through differentiation events.
  • Electromechanical signals and differentiation waves act as morphogenetic codes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of differentiation programs in evolution.
  • To explain the mechanisms of morphogenesis and stable state achievement.
  • To define microevolution and macroevolution in the context of differentiation trees.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual modeling of differentiation processes.
  • Analysis of gene expression regulation via morphogenetic codes.
  • Topological analysis of differentiation trees.

Main Results:

  • Continuing differentiation, originating from mitochondrial energy, distinguishes eukaryotes.
  • Janus-faced control (top-down and bottom-up) governs morphogenesis and stable states.
  • Differentiation tree topology changes define macroevolution; preservation defines microevolution.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary pathways are shaped by the dynamics of differentiation trees.
  • Branch duplication in differentiation trees drives macroevolution.
  • Metamorphosis may represent fusions of differentiation trees, impacting evolutionary classification.