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Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
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Ocular abnormalities in children with developmental delay.

V Kavitha1, Aashish K Gangrade1, Mallikarjun M Heralgi2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Sankara Eye Hospital, Harakere, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with developmental delay (DD) have significantly higher rates of ocular abnormalities, including refractive errors and strabismus, compared to typically developing children. Risk factors like low birth weight and epilepsy are associated with these visual impairments.

Keywords:
Developmental delayneuroimagingocular abnormalitiesrefractive errorrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Developmental delay (DD) in children can be associated with various underlying conditions.
  • Ocular abnormalities are frequently observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Early detection and management of visual impairments are crucial for optimal child development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in children with developmental delay.
  • To compare ocular findings in children with DD to a control group of typically developing children.
  • To identify associated risk factors, systemic comorbidities, and potential treatment strategies for visual impairments in DD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, observational study involving children aged 1-18 years.
  • Two groups were formed: children with DD and age/sex-matched controls without DD.
  • Comprehensive eye examinations, including visual acuity, refraction, and funduscopy, were performed.

Main Results:

  • 88.29% of children with DD exhibited ocular abnormalities, significantly higher than controls.
  • Refractive errors (74.47%) and strabismus (39%) were the most common ocular issues in the DD group.
  • Low birth weight and consanguineous marriage were identified as common risk factors; epilepsy was the most frequent systemic association.

Conclusions:

  • Children with developmental delay have a high burden of ocular abnormalities.
  • Ocular screening should be an integral part of the management of children with DD.
  • Addressing refractive errors and other visual impairments can potentially improve developmental outcomes.