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Elevated Level of Circulating but Not Urine S100A8/A9 Identifies Poor COVID-19 Outcomes

Leah Mellett1,2, Gaya Amarasinghe2, Christopher W Farnsworth2

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States.

ACS Infectious Diseases
|October 3, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is linked to severe COVID-19. This study found elevated serum calprotectin levels in ICU and fatal COVID-19 cases, supporting its use as a prognostic biomarker.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomarkers
  • COVID-19 Research

Background:

  • Calprotectin (S100A8/A9), an alarmin, is implicated in cytokine storms characteristic of severe COVID-19.
  • Previous studies on S100A8/A9 as a COVID-19 severity biomarker were limited to non-U.S. populations and primarily serum analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate S100A8/A9 levels in both serum and urine samples from a U.S. hospital cohort.
  • To evaluate the potential of S100A8/A9 as a prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 severity.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of S100A8/A9 in serum and urine samples.
  • Analysis of S100A8/A9 levels in relation to COVID-19 severity, including ICU admission and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum S100A8/A9 levels were significantly associated with ICU admission (p = 0.0370) and fatal COVID-19 cases (p = 0.0018).
  • No correlation was found between S100A8/A9 levels in matched serum and urine samples.

Conclusions:

  • Serum S100A8/A9 levels are associated with COVID-19 severity in a U.S. cohort.
  • Urine S100A8/A9 is not a reliable biomarker for COVID-19 severity and warrants no further investigation.

Keywords:
COVID-19S100A8/A9biomarkercalprotectinprognosis

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