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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
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Thermal Interface Engineering in a 3D-Structured Carbon Framework for a Phase-Change Composite with High Thermal

Yafang Zhang1,2, Zhao Jiang1, Yu Qin1,2

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Engineered carbon-bonded graphite fiber networks significantly boost phase-change material thermal conductivity and stability. Interface engineering optimizes heat transfer, overcoming limitations for thermal energy storage applications.

Keywords:
phase-change materialthermal conductivitythermal interface engineeringthermal managementthree-dimensional carbon framework

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermal Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Phase-change materials (PCMs) offer efficient thermal energy storage but suffer from low thermal conductivity (TC) and poor shape stability.
  • Improving TC and shape stability is crucial for practical applications of PCMs in thermal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the thermal conductivity and shape stability of PCMs by constructing a 3D carbon-bonded graphite fiber (CBGF) network.
  • To investigate the impact of thermal interface engineering, considering both filler-matrix (F-M) and filler-filler (F-F) interfaces, on PCM composite performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D CBGF network structure to serve as a heat-conductive framework and PCM confinement.
  • Systematic analysis of F-M and F-F interfaces to optimize phonon transport and minimize scattering.
  • Characterization of the thermal conductivity and phase-change behavior of the resulting PCM composites.

Main Results:

  • The optimized PCM composite achieved a significantly enhanced TC of 45.48 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, which is 188.5 times higher than pure PCM.
  • A high TC enhancement per volume fraction of filler (TCEF) of 831% per 1 vol % loading was observed.
  • The 3D network provided effective spatial confinement for the PCM, ensuring form stability during phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Interface engineering is critical for developing high-TC and form-stable phase-change composites.
  • The 3D CBGF network approach offers a promising strategy for overcoming limitations of PCMs in thermal energy storage.
  • The findings provide valuable guidance for the rational structural design of advanced thermal management materials.