Wood decomposition is increased by insect diversity, selection effects, and interactions between insects and microbes

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Forestry
• Biodiversity research

Background:

• Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem functions, yet its role in deadwood decomposition remains unclear.
• Understanding insect-microbe interactions is key to comprehending decomposition dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of beetle species richness and functional diversity on wood decomposition rates.
• To explore the indirect effects of beetle diversity on fungal and bacterial communities during decomposition.

Main Methods:

• A mesocosm experiment manipulated beetle species richness and functional diversity.
• Computed tomography scanning quantified insect-driven decomposition.
• Fungal and bacterial communities were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Decomposition rates increased with both species richness and functional diversity of beetles.
• Functional diversity effects were linked to beetle biomass and the presence of large-bodied species.
• Beetles indirectly influenced decomposition through effects on bacterial diversity and fungal communities.

Conclusions:

• Beetle diversity, including species and functional traits, significantly drives deadwood decomposition.
• Interactions between beetles, fungi, and bacteria are critical for decomposition processes.
• Maintaining both insect and microbial biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functioning.