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Published on: October 31, 2010
Impact of a livelihood intervention on gender roles and relationship power among people with HIV
Lila A Sheira1, Pauline Wekesa2, Craig R Cohen3
1Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.
Objective:
To evaluate the impact of an agricultural livelihood intervention on gender role conflict and sexual relationship power among people with HIV (PWH) in western Kenya.
Design:
Study participants were enrolled in Shamba Maisha , a cluster randomized controlled trial of an agricultural intervention conducted among PWH across 16 health facilities during 2016-2020. Intervention participants received a water pump, seeds, and agricultural and financial training; control participants received standard of HIV care.
Methods:
We assessed men's views on masculinity and gender roles via the validated gender role conflict score (GRCS; range 18-78, higher = greater gender role conflict). We measured gender power imbalances among women via the validated Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS), which combines subscales of relationship control and decision-making dominance (range 1-4, higher = female holds more power). We compared changes over the study period by arm using longitudinal multilevel difference-in-difference linear regression models accounting for clustering of facilities using the intention-to-treat cohort.
Results:
We enrolled 720 participants (366 intervention, 354 control); 2-year retention was 94%. Median age was 40 and approximately 55% of participants were female. Among men, after 24-months the decrease in GRCS scores was 4.3 points greater in the intervention than the control arm ( P < 0.001). Among women, the intervention resulted in 0.25 points greater increase in the SRPS compared to the control arm ( P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Shamba Maisha resulted in less gender role conflict in men and greater sexual relationship power for women. Agricultural livelihood interventions may be a powerful tool to improve gender power imbalances, which may subsequently mitigate poverty and food insecurity.
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