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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Colloidal particles offer building blocks for novel materials.
  • Controlling their assembly into ordered microstructures is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Understanding the dynamic pathways governing assembly is key to precise manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate controlled interfacial assembly and reconfiguration of rectangular prism colloidal particles.
  • To identify and utilize order parameters and reaction coordinates for microstructure evolution.
  • To map dynamic pathways for efficient manipulation of colloidal assemblies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing time-dependent electric fields to mediate dipolar interactions between particles.
  • Programming electric fields to control particle position, orientation, compression, and chaining.
  • Identifying an order parameter set defining states based on positional and orientational order.
  • Employing these metrics as reaction coordinates to capture microstructure evolution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved controlled interfacial assembly and reconfiguration into diverse microstructures (stable, metastable, transient states).
  • Identified an order parameter set and reaction coordinates to define and track microstructure states.
  • Revealed a dynamic pathway map of assembly trajectories, including accessibility, reversibility, and kinetics.
  • Demonstrated rapid reconfiguration between states on minute timescales.

Conclusions:

  • A general approach to discover dynamic pathways for controlling self-organizing building blocks was demonstrated.
  • The findings enable precise control over colloidal assembly and reconfiguration for materials processing.
  • Rapid manipulation of microstructures is practically useful for particle-based materials and device responses.