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Alpha interferon in human pregnancy.

T Chard, P H Craig, M Menabawey

    British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Interferon-alpha is abundant in fetal tissues and fluids during pregnancy, but not in maternal blood. This suggests a role for interferon in the maternal-fetal relationship.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Reproductive Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Interferons are crucial signaling proteins involved in immune responses.
    • The role of interferons during human pregnancy is not fully understood.
    • Investigating interferon-alpha concentrations can elucidate its function in pregnancy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify interferon-alpha levels in various maternal and fetal compartments during pregnancy.
    • To determine the distribution of interferon-alpha within the feto-maternal unit.
    • To explore the potential role of interferon-alpha in maternal-fetal tolerance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a specific two-site immunoradiometric assay for precise interferon-alpha measurement.
    • Analyzed diverse biological fluids and tissues obtained during human pregnancy.

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  • Included samples from maternal blood, fetal blood, fetal organs, placenta, membranes, amniotic fluid, decidua, and non-pregnant adults.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal blood and tissues from non-pregnant adults showed minimal to no interferon-alpha.
    • Significant and comparable concentrations of interferon-alpha (1.1-10 u/ml or u/g) were detected in fetal blood, fetal organs, placenta, membranes, amniotic fluid, and decidua.
    • These results indicate widespread presence of interferon-alpha throughout the feto-placental unit.

    Conclusions:

    • The fetus and its surrounding tissues are rich in interferon-alpha during pregnancy.
    • Interferon-alpha may play a critical role in maintaining the maternal-fetal graft relationship.
    • Further research is warranted to define the immunomodulatory functions of interferon-alpha in pregnancy.