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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Gene-Environment Interactions: My Unique Journey.

Daniel W Nebert1,2

  • 1Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

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|October 3, 2023
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Summary

This scientific autobiography details a career focused on gene-environment interactions. Key research includes the AHR/CYP1 axis, pharmacogenomics, gene nomenclature, and the ZIP8 transporter.

Keywords:
AHR transcription factorAHR-CYP1A1 axisSlc39a8 gene encoding ZIP8 metal cation influx transporteraryl hydrocarbon hydroxylasearyl hydrocarbon receptorautobiographygenetic differences in drug (or other environmental toxicant) responsepharmacogeneticsstandardized gene nomenclature

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Physician-scientist with expertise in pediatrics, molecular biology, and genetics.
  • Authored over 600 publications across diverse scientific disciplines.
  • Career spans clinical medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, and evolutionary genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize a career dedicated to understanding gene-environment interactions.
  • To present four distinct areas of research chronologically.
  • To highlight contributions to molecular biology, genetics, and toxicology.

Main Methods:

  • Discovery and characterization of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/Cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) axis.
  • Pharmacogenomic studies predicting responses to drugs and environmental toxicants.
  • Development of standardized gene nomenclature for drug-metabolizing enzymes based on evolutionary divergence.
  • Identification and characterization of the solute carrier family 39 member 8 (SLC39A8) gene encoding the ZIP8 metal cation influx transporter.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of the AHR/CYP1 signaling pathway.
  • Established principles of pharmacogenomics for personalized medicine.
  • Created a standardized nomenclature system for drug-metabolizing genes.
  • Discovered the role of ZIP8 in metal ion transport.

Conclusions:

  • The research consistently emphasizes the critical role of gene-environment interactions in health and disease.
  • Contributions span fundamental biological discoveries to clinical applications.
  • The work provides a foundation for understanding individual susceptibility to environmental factors and drug responses.