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Polyphenol and glucosinolate-derived AhR modulators regulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells.

Jeffry S Tang1, Ruth Stephens1, Yanyan Li1

  • 1Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
|October 3, 2023
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Summary

Dietary polyphenols and glucosinolates, found in fruits and vegetables, may help regulate gut immunity. These compounds influence aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity and G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) expression on T cells.

Keywords:
Aryl hydrocarbon receptorGPR15GlucosinolatesNutritional immunologyPolyphenols

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are linked to improved intestinal health, including in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
  • The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a key regulator of mucosal immunity and T cell trafficking.
  • AhR influences the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15), a gut homing marker elevated in ulcerative colitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether dietary metabolites can modulate AhR activity and GPR15 expression on CD4+ T cells.
  • To explore the potential mechanism by which fruit and vegetable consumption benefits intestinal homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of physiologically relevant polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites.
  • Assessing the impact of these metabolites on AhR activity.
  • Measuring GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells.

Main Results:

  • Polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites were found to affect AhR activity.
  • These metabolites also regulated GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells.
  • The regulation of GPR15 expression was dependent on AhR activity.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites can modulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells via an AhR-dependent pathway.
  • This finding provides a potential molecular mechanism for the gut health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables.