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Human Paenibacillus Infections: A Systematic Review with Comparison of Adult and Infant Cases

Danielle Smith, Kristen Bastug, Kathy Burgoine

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |October 4, 2023
    PubMed

    Insights

    Neonatal Paenibacillus infections, primarily P. thiaminolyticus, cause severe sepsis or meningitis in infants, often leading to poor outcomes and hydrocephalus. Effective treatments for these underappreciated infant infections are urgently needed.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Microbiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Neonatal infections due to Paenibacillus species are increasingly reported.
    • A comparative analysis of Paenibacillus infections in infants versus adults is lacking.

    Approach:

    • A structured literature review was conducted to analyze human Paenibacillus infections.
    • Epidemiological data from 176 infections in infants and adults were compared.

    Key Points:

    • Infant infections were predominantly caused by Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus (80%).
    • Infants presented with sepsis syndrome or meningitis, frequently complicated by cerebral destruction and hydrocephalus.
    • Adult infections involved a broader range of 23 Paenibacillus species with variable clinical presentations.

    Conclusions:

    • Paenibacillus infections in infants are associated with high mortality (17%) and significant neurological sequelae, including cystic encephalomalacia and hydrocephalus requiring surgical intervention (66%).
    • Paenibacillus infections in neonates appear underappreciated, highlighting an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies.

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