Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Load-frequency control01:28

Load-frequency control

Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
Regulation of Water Output01:26

Regulation of Water Output

The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume01:14

Conservation of Mass in Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume

Stormwater detention basins are essential in managing runoff during heavy rainfall, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces increase the risk of flooding. Understanding the conservation of mass in these systems allows engineers to optimize basin performance, balancing inflow, outflow, and water storage.
In the context of a detention basin, the conservation of mass states that the total mass of water entering the basin must equal the mass leaving the basin plus any accumulation of...
Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and Drowned...
Net Change Theorem01:22

Net Change Theorem

The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application is in...
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Coulombic Metal-Organic Frameworks Assembled from π-Stacked Organic Nodes and Polyoxometalate Inorganic Linkers.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

The BOS-Lig Data Set: Accurate Ligand Charges from a Consensus Approach for 66,810 Experimentally Synthesized Ligands.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Enerzyme: A Framework for Efficient Training of Reactive Neural Network Potentials for Enzyme Catalysis with Application to Methyltransferases.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Increasing connectivity through self-complementarity enables permanent porosity in a halogen-bonded organic framework.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Side-Chain-Based Cross-Linking of Amorphous Iono-Electronic Conductive Polymers for Thermo-Chemical Stability in Electrochemical Devices.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

High-Throughput Discovery of Conformation-Switching Mechanophores with Enhanced Reactivity and Stability.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
09:06

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

Published on: August 27, 2014

14.7K

Tailoring Dynamic Hydrogels by Controlling Associative Exchange Rates.

Vivian Zhang1, Joseph V Accardo1, Ilia Kevlishvili2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA.

Chem
|October 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Newly developed dithioalkylidenes offer tunable thiol exchange rates, crucial for sustainable materials and biomedical applications. Their reactivity is controlled by molecular structure, impacting material properties like stress relaxation in hydrogels.

More Related Videos

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.5K
Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
08:50

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Published on: August 4, 2017

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
09:06

Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels

Published on: August 27, 2014

14.7K
Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.5K
Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
08:50

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Published on: August 4, 2017

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dithioalkylidenes are a novel class of conjugate acceptors.
  • They facilitate thiol exchange through an associative mechanism.
  • This mechanism allows for the decoupling of material properties for diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tunability of dithioalkylydene exchange rates.
  • To correlate molecular structure with reactivity.
  • To demonstrate the application of these dynamic bonds in hydrogel materials.

Main Methods:

  • Kinetic studies in aqueous environments.
  • Spectroscopic and structural analyses.
  • Computational modeling of reaction mechanisms.
  • Incorporation into hydrogel networks.

Main Results:

  • Exchange rates vary over four orders of magnitude based on acceptor structure.
  • Cyclic acceptors exhibit significantly faster exchange rates (0.95–15.6 M-1s-1) than acyclic ones (3.77x10-3–2.17x10-2 M-1s-1).
  • Resonance stabilization of the intermediate explains the higher reactivity of cyclic acceptors.
  • Stress relaxation time in hydrogels is directly proportional to the molecular exchange rate.

Conclusions:

  • Dithioalkylydene exchange rates are highly tunable via molecular design.
  • Understanding structure-reactivity relationships enables precise material property control.
  • Dynamic bonds based on dithioalkylidenes offer a promising route for advanced hydrogel development.