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Digital/computational phenotyping: What are the differences in the science and the ethics?

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Summary

Digital phenotyping, initially from mental health, now spans disciplines. This commentary analyzes algorithmic phenotyping, digital biomarkers, and computational phenotyping, exploring their objectivity assumptions and ethical implications.

Keywords:
Digital phenotypingaffordancescomputational phenotypingdigital biomarkersempistemologyethics

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Area of Science:

  • Computational science
  • Digital health
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Digital phenotyping originated in mental health research but has expanded to diverse scientific fields.
  • Algorithmic phenotyping technologies are being developed in projects like RADAR-AD and The Minerva Initiative at the University of Oxford's Big Data Institute.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and analyze digital biomarkers and computational phenotyping concepts.
  • To link these concepts to broader digital phenotyping research.
  • To compare and contrast epistemological and ethical implications of these technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of digital phenotyping, digital biomarkers, and computational phenotyping.
  • Examination of two case studies: The RADAR-AD project and The Minerva Initiative.
  • Application of the concept of 'affordance' to analyze technological functionalities and implications.

Main Results:

  • The phenotyping paradigm in the studied projects assumes 'objectivity,' interpreted differently based on the role of digital tools.
  • The concept of 'affordance' highlights the relationship between technological functionalities and their potential uses and social impacts.
  • The term 'digital phenotyping' is used with diverse meanings, necessitating careful distinctions.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing between different meanings and applications of digital phenotyping is crucial as its usage diversifies.
  • Understanding the 'affordance' of digital tools is key to navigating the ethical and social implications of computational phenotyping.
  • The assumption of objectivity in digital phenotyping warrants critical examination in various disciplinary contexts.