A Case of Postnatal Aortic Arch Atresia

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pediatric Cardiology
• Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

• Aortic arch atresia is a rare congenital cardiac defect with potential links to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Gestational diabetes may increase the risk of aortic arch atresia in newborns.

Observation:

• A 16-day-old infant presented with an interrupted or atretic aortic arch discovered postnatally.
• Prenatal ultrasound showed no abnormalities; however, postnatal evaluation revealed aortic arch stenosis and inflammation-induced occlusion.
• Elevated inflammatory markers were noted in the infant.

Findings:

• Aortic arch atresia can be acquired postnatally, not exclusively congenital.
• Inflammation complicating coarctation of the aorta can lead to aortic arch atresia.
• Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus is a potential risk factor.

Implications:

• This case highlights the possibility of acquired aortic arch atresia, emphasizing the need for postnatal vigilance.
• Imaging findings suggestive of type A interrupted aortic arch warrant consideration for aortic arch atresia.
• Early diagnosis and management are crucial for infants presenting with these cardiac defects.