Correlation of Conductive Hearing Impairment With Sizes of Adenoids in the Pediatric Age Group: An Observational
Ashish Khadgi1, Krishna Koirala2, Sanjay Maharjan3
1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Buddha International Hospital, Ghorahi, NPL.
Insights
Symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy in children is linked to conductive hearing loss. Early screening and management are crucial to prevent hearing impairment in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Pediatric Audiology
Background:
- Symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy is a preventable cause of hearing loss and nasal obstruction in children.
- Adenoid enlargement can significantly impact a child's quality of life and development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To correlate the size of adenoid hypertrophy with the degree of conductive hearing loss in pediatric patients.
- To highlight the importance of early screening for adenoid hypertrophy in children.
Main Methods:
- An observational case-control study involving 98 children aged 5-15 years with symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy.
- Assessment included audiometry, tympanometry, X-ray of the nasopharynx, and fiberoptic nasal endoscopy.
- Patients were categorized into case (conductive hearing loss) and control (normal hearing) groups.
Main Results:
- A positive correlation was observed between adenoid hypertrophy size and conductive hearing loss.
- Higher grades of adenoid hypertrophy (grades III and IV) were associated with more severe hearing loss.
- Conductive hearing loss was five times more prevalent in children with third- and fourth-degree adenoid hypertrophy.
Conclusions:
- Adenoid hypertrophy is positively correlated with conductive hearing loss in pediatric patients.
- Early detection and management of adenoid hypertrophy are essential for preventing hearing loss in children.
Introduction:
When adenoids enlarge and elicit symptoms it is referred to as symptomatic adenoids, which is a preventable cause of hearing loss and nasal obstruction in the pediatric age group. This study was done to correlate conductive hearing loss with the size of adenoids and to emphasize the importance of screening in the pediatric age group.
Methods:
An observational case-control study was conducted to analyze the degree of hearing impairment in children with adenoid hypertrophy. In total, 98 patients with at least one symptom of adenoid hypertrophy aged between 5 and <15 years were recruited. Those with conductive hearing loss were in the case group and those with normal hearing were in the control group. Audiometry, tympanogram, X-ray, and fibreoptic nasal endoscopy were conducted and compared.
Results:
The mean age of presentation of conductive hearing loss with adenoids was 7.67 years. The mean conductive hearing loss on audiometry was 31.69 dB. Tympanogram showed a type B curve in 40.81% of ears and type C in 26.53%. On X-ray nasopharynx, the majority of cases had grade III hypertrophy followed by grade II and grade IV. In nasal endoscopy, most cases had second-degree adenoid hypertrophy followed by third degree, first degree, and then fourth degree. The highest degree of hearing loss of 32-48 dB was present with fourth-degree adenoids. Conductive hearing loss was five times more in patients with third- and fourth-degree adenoids.
Conclusions:
In our study, adenoid hypertrophy has a positive correlation with conductive hearing loss in pediatric patients. So proper screening and early management should be done to prevent hearing loss in children.
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