Inductive Characterization of ENDS-Associated Adverse Events Among California Young Adults

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Adolescent Health
• Nicotine Addiction

Background:

• Previous research indicates numerous adverse events associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or e-cigarettes.
• However, comprehensive data on the frequency, duration, and user response to these adverse events remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To inductively characterize adverse events attributed to ENDS use among young adults.
• To explore the user experience, including symptom frequency, duration, and behavioral responses to adverse events.

Main Methods:

• Conducted 16 focus groups with 114 young adults (aged 18-29) reporting lifetime ENDS use.
• Gathered data on tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis use, and detailed information on ENDS-attributed adverse events.
• Employed inductive, team-based analysis of qualitative data.

Main Results:

• Over 40 ENDS-attributed adverse events were reported by approximately 75% of participants.
• Common events included headache, coughing, lightheadedness, nausea, dry/sore throat, and dizziness.
• Adverse events were generally transient (hours), but varied in duration and frequency; severe events like breathing difficulty prompted permanent cessation.

Conclusions:

• Adverse events associated with ENDS use are diverse and vary significantly across user experiences.
• Findings highlight the multifaceted nature of ENDS-related health issues in young adults.
• Understanding these variations is crucial for public health interventions and harm reduction strategies.