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Related Concept Videos

Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
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Singularity Functions for Shear01:26

Singularity Functions for Shear

137
In structural analysis, singularity functions are crucial in simplifying the representation of shear forces in beams under discontinuous loading. These functions describe discontinuous  variations in shear force across a beam with varying loads by using a single mathematical expression, regardless of the complexity of the loading conditions. The singularity functions are derived from creating a free-body diagram of the beam and then making conceptual cuts at specific points to examine the...
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Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Shear influence on colloidal cluster growth: a SANS and USANS study.

Chris Muzny1, Liliana de Campo2, Anna Sokolova2

  • 1Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|October 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Shear fields disrupt silica particle gelation, altering cluster size and viscosity. Small-angle scattering reveals microscopic changes, aiding theoretical models for sheared colloidal suspensions.

Keywords:
SANSUSANSapplied shearcolloidal silicamicrometre scaleretarded gelationsmall-angle neutron scatteringstructure factor derivationtime-dependent phenomenaultra-small-angle neutron scatteringviscosityvolume fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Colloidal suspensions like silica/water can form gel networks.
  • External forces, such as shear, can significantly alter the structure and properties of these gels.
  • Understanding the interplay between gelation and shear is crucial for controlling material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time evolution of silica/water clusters under shear during interrupted gelation.
  • To understand the microscopic basis for viscosity changes in sheared colloidal gels.
  • To provide structural data from scattering experiments to inform theoretical models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an 8.3 nm particle silica solution (Ludox) with initiated gelation.
  • Applied a Couette shear field at a constant shear rate of 250 s-1.
  • Employed a unified small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) procedure to probe structures from nanometer to micrometer scales.

Main Results:

  • Scattering data captured structural changes in colloidal clusters subjected to shear over time.
  • Fitted time-dependent scattered intensity to estimate effective cluster volume fraction and size evolution.
  • Demonstrated a link between structural changes and viscosity behavior in sheared colloidal suspensions.

Conclusions:

  • Shear fields significantly impact the time evolution and structure of silica/water gel clusters.
  • Scattering techniques provide essential structural insights into sheared colloidal systems.
  • A theoretical framework can predict viscosity based on cluster volume fraction and size changes.