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Human Norovirus Detection: How Much Are We Prepared?

Pulkit Srivastava1, Dinesh Prasad1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
|October 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Norovirus (NoV) causes acute gastroenteritis and spreads via fecal-oral routes. This review details current and future Norovirus detection methods for outbreak control.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas systemELISART-PCRbiosensorfecal contaminationnorovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis, transmitted through fecal-oral routes.
  • NoV infections result in significant diarrhea, stomach pain, vomiting, and nausea, posing public health and economic challenges.
  • Rapid and accurate detection of Norovirus is crucial for controlling outbreaks and preventing economic losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss various techniques for detecting Norovirus (NoV).
  • To analyze the current status of Norovirus detection methodologies.
  • To explore future strategies for Norovirus detection, particularly during outbreaks and pandemics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of conventional immunological methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Analysis of molecular detection techniques including reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and its variants (RT-qPCR).
  • Exploration of emerging biosensor technologies (aptasensors, peptide-based sensors, nanoparticles, microfluidics) and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Main Results:

  • Conventional immunological and molecular methods have been foundational in Norovirus detection.
  • Advanced techniques like biosensors and next-generation sequencing are rapidly evolving, enhancing diagnostic capabilities.
  • These advanced methods aid in identifying new Norovirus variants and improving diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of available Norovirus detection techniques is essential.
  • Continuous development and integration of advanced technologies are vital for effective Norovirus surveillance and management.
  • Future strategies must leverage these advancements to prepare for and respond to Norovirus outbreaks and pandemics.