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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

Arteries of the Lower Limbs

198
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

384
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

393
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
393

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Successful epilepsy surgery in two cases with multiple sclerosis.

Nicole van Klink1, Simon Tousseyn2,3, Olaf Schijns2,3,4

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Epileptic Disorders : International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape
|October 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy surgery can be effective for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and drug-resistant epilepsy. Careful risk-benefit assessment is crucial, considering potential MS relapses post-surgery.

Keywords:
brain surgerychronic epilepsyepilepsy surgerymultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Focal epilepsy surgery offers a cure but its impact on multiple sclerosis (MS) activity is not well understood.
  • This uncertainty poses a challenge for evaluating MS patients for epilepsy surgery, potentially limiting treatment options.

Observation:

  • Two cases of successful epilepsy surgery in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and stable MS are presented.
  • Case 1: A ganglioglioma resection in a 28-year-old woman resulted in seizure freedom, with one new MS lesion post-surgery.
  • Case 2: A 46-year-old woman with epilepsy secondary to a natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) lesion achieved seizure freedom post-surgery; this is the first report of epilepsy surgery in a PML survivor.

Findings:

  • Both patients experienced seizure freedom post-surgery and stabilized radiologically after initiating second-line therapies.
  • Post-surgical MS activity was observed, including one new lesion in Case 1 and new subclinical lesions in Case 2.

Implications:

  • Successful epilepsy surgery can significantly improve quality of life for individuals with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and MS.
  • The risk-benefit ratio of epilepsy surgery in MS patients, particularly those with brain tumors or PML, requires careful consideration due to potential MS relapse.
  • Shared decision-making is vital for balancing the risks associated with both epilepsy and MS in surgical candidates.