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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

40.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Related Experiment Video

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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Temporal Variation in Selection Influences Microgeographic Local Adaptation.

Emily L Dittmar, Douglas W Schemske

    The American Naturalist
    |October 4, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Local adaptation in plants is influenced by environmental variation. This study shows how soil type and rainfall patterns affect plant survival and reproduction, impacting local adaptation over time.

    Keywords:
    fitnesslocal adaptationselectionserpentinetrade-offs

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Plant Science

    Background:

    • Ecological heterogeneity drives local adaptation when populations face fitness trade-offs across habitats.
    • Understanding the influence of spatial and temporal scales of environmental variation on local adaptation is crucial but remains poorly understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of spatial and temporal environmental variation on local adaptation in *Leptosiphon parviflorus* populations.
    • To examine how soil type and precipitation patterns influence fitness trade-offs and local adaptation.

    Main Methods:

    • A multiyear reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted with *Leptosiphon parviflorus* populations on serpentine and nonserpentine soils.
    • A manipulative greenhouse experiment assessed the role of water availability on the sandstone population's fitness.

    Main Results:

    • Local adaptation was observed at a small geographic scale, with differing temporal selection patterns across habitats.
    • The serpentine population showed a consistent survival advantage, linked to stable soil cation content.
    • The sandstone population exhibited a fecundity advantage on native soil, but only in high-rainfall years, highlighting water availability's critical role.

    Conclusions:

    • Local adaptation patterns are shaped by the interplay of spatial factors (soil type) and temporal factors (precipitation variability).
    • Drought conditions may erode local adaptation in these populations due to their dependence on water availability.
    • Selective factors differentially influence spatial and temporal patterns of fitness trade-offs, affecting local adaptation dynamics.