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Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
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Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

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Mutation and Selection Induce Correlations between Selection Coefficients and Mutation Rates.

Bryan L Gitschlag, Alejandro V Cano, Joshua L Payne

    The American Naturalist
    |October 4, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The study reveals how mutation rates and selection coefficients interact to shape genetic adaptation. Even without initial correlation, these factors can become linked, influencing the evolution of beneficial mutations.

    Keywords:
    adaptationevolutionmutation biaspopulation geneticstheory

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Genetics
    • Molecular evolution

    Background:

    • The interplay between mutation rates and selection coefficients is crucial for understanding molecular adaptation.
    • Three key distributions (nominal, de novo, fixed) describe genetic changes before, during, and after selection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To formally characterize the relationships between these joint distributions under the strong-selection/weak-mutation (SSWM) regime.
    • To investigate how correlations between mutation rates and selection coefficients emerge and evolve.

    Main Methods:

    • Mathematical framework development to analyze joint distributions.
    • Population simulations to validate theoretical predictions.
    • Application to data from deep mutational scanning and cancer informatics.

    Main Results:

    • The de novo distribution shows enrichment for high-rate mutations compared to the nominal distribution.
    • The fixed distribution is further enriched for highly beneficial mutations.
    • Correlations between mutation rates and selection coefficients can arise even from an uncorrelated nominal distribution, with any combination of signs.

    Conclusions:

    • Natural systems with limited beneficial mutations may exhibit negative correlations in the fixed distribution.
    • The study provides a framework for analyzing joint distributions in evolutionary contexts.
    • Understanding these distributions is key to comprehending adaptation, parallelism, and evolutionary rates.