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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification.

Giulia Vocino Trucco1, Luisella Righi2, Marco Volante2

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The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification for lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is reviewed, highlighting advances in morphology, molecular profiling, and AI. This update addresses evolving understanding and future prognostic factors for lung NENs.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are diverse tumors with varied characteristics.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recently updated its classification for lung NENs.
  • Molecular studies have significantly advanced understanding of lung NENs' biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contemporary understanding of pulmonary NEN morphology.
  • To explore the impact of molecular profiling on lung NEN classification.
  • To discuss current and future prognostic factors for lung NENs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in lung NEN research.
  • Analysis of the 2021 WHO classification for lung NENs.
  • Discussion of artificial intelligence applications in NEN diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • The 2021 WHO classification is a significant update but faces scrutiny regarding its morphology-centric approach.
  • Molecular profiling offers new insights into NEN pathogenesis and classification.
  • Artificial intelligence shows promise in improving NEN diagnosis and characterization.

Conclusions:

  • The classification of lung NENs is rapidly evolving, driven by molecular insights and AI.
  • Further research is needed to refine prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies.
  • A comprehensive understanding integrating morphology, molecular data, and AI is crucial for optimal patient management.