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Related Concept Videos

COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Platforms.

Francesca Micoli1, Roberto Adamo2, Usman Nakakana3

  • 1GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Siena, Italy. francesca.x.micoli@gsk.com.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising vaccine platforms, with licensed vaccines and ongoing clinical development. Advances in genetic engineering and conjugation enhance their versatility for delivering diverse antigens against various pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Vaccinology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial virulence factors, naturally produced at low levels.
  • Chemical extraction or genetic engineering yields generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMAs) for vaccine development.
  • OMVs are a proven vaccine platform, with licensed vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines.
  • To discuss licensed OMV vaccines and clinical candidates.
  • To explore recent trends and future directions in OMV vaccine technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of licensed OMV vaccines and clinical development candidates.
  • Analysis of genetic modifications and chemical conjugation techniques for OMV-based vaccines.
  • Discussion of preclinical research trends in using OMVs as antigen carriers.

Main Results:

  • OMV vaccines are effective against specific bacterial meningitis pathogens.
  • OMVs are being developed as carriers for heterologous antigens, including viral targets like SARS-CoV-2.
  • Genetic modifications improve OMV vaccine safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • OMV technology has advanced significantly, enabling versatile vaccine development.
  • Challenges remain in expressing heterologous proteins on OMV surfaces for broad applications.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges to expand OMV vaccine utility.