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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

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Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS
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Keratocyte-Derived Myofibroblasts: Functional Differences With Their Fibroblast Precursors.

Ana C Acosta1, Hadi Joud1, Mei Sun1

  • 1Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|October 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts exhibit distinct extracellular matrix production and functional behaviors, crucial for understanding corneal wound healing and scarring. These differences impact collagen deposition and cell migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Corneal scarring is a significant cause of vision impairment.
  • Understanding the cellular and matrix dynamics of corneal wound healing is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, derived from keratocytes, play distinct roles in tissue remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the functional differences between corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.
  • To compare extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and organization produced by these cell types.
  • To investigate functional disparities in latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) activation, wound healing, and chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel triple transgenic mouse model (KeraRT/tetO-Cre/mTmG) for keratocyte lineage tracking.
  • Induced myofibroblast differentiation from fibroblasts using TGF-β1.
  • Analyzed ECM composition, collagen organization (via Second Harmonic Generation microscopy), and protein expression.
  • Performed functional assays including latent TGF-β activation, in vitro wound healing, chemotaxis, and proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant morphological differences between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.
  • Fibroblasts produced higher quantities of corneal collagens I and V, while myofibroblasts produced more fibronectin and non-collagenous ECM components.
  • Demonstrated a significant difference in latent TGF-β activation between the two cell types.
  • Identified distinct patterns in ECM synthesis, deposition, TGF-β activation, and chemotaxis.

Conclusions:

  • Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts exhibit unique profiles in ECM production and functional activities.
  • These distinct characteristics are likely critical for their respective roles during various phases of corneal wound healing.
  • The findings provide insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying corneal scarring and potential therapeutic targets.