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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Acclimation During the 7-Day CO-Synch + CIDR Protocol Improves Temperament and Pregnancy Rate to Timed Artificial Insemination in <i>Bos taurus</i> Beef Heifers.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats
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Evaluation of two beef cow fixed-time AI protocols that utilize presynchronization.

Jaclyn N Ketchum1, Lacey K Quail1, Kaitlin M Epperson2

  • 1Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, TX, 75684, USA.

Theriogenology
|October 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The 7&7 Synch protocol significantly improved estrus response in beef cows compared to the PG 6-day CIDR & FTAI protocol. However, neither presynchronization method affected overall pregnancy success rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs.

Keywords:
Beef cattleFixed-time artificial inseminationPregnancyPresynchronizationSynchronization of ovulation

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Animal Reproduction
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) is crucial for beef cattle reproduction.
  • Estrus response is a key factor influencing FTAI success.
  • Presynchronization protocols aim to improve estrus response before FTAI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of two presynchronization protocols (PG 6-day CIDR & FTAI vs. 7&7 Synch) on estrus response and pregnancy success in beef cows undergoing FTAI.
  • To evaluate the impact of physiological status (progesterone concentration, cyclicity, days postpartum, body condition score) on the outcomes of different presynchronization protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A total of 1388 beef cows from 30 herds were grouped by days postpartum and age, and randomly assigned to either the PG6d or 7&7 Synch protocol.
  • Progesterone levels and cyclicity were assessed via blood samples to categorize cows.
  • Pregnancy was diagnosed 30-40 days post-FTAI using transrectal ultrasonography.

Main Results:

  • The 7&7 Synch protocol resulted in a significantly greater estrus response (P < 0.01) compared to the PG6d protocol.
  • Estrus response was influenced by interactions between cyclicity, days postpartum, and protocol, as well as body condition score and protocol.
  • Pregnancy success was influenced by estrual status, body condition score, and cycling status, but not by the presynchronization protocol (PG6d: 38 ± 5%; 7&7: 37 ± 5%).

Conclusions:

  • The choice of presynchronization method significantly impacts estrus response, with the 7&7 protocol demonstrating superior results.
  • While improved estrus response was observed with the 7&7 protocol, this did not translate into a significant difference in pregnancy success rates.
  • The effectiveness of presynchronization strategies is dependent on the physiological status of individual cows, highlighting the need for tailored approaches.