Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effects of handedness and age on hand role selection in bimanual tasks.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same author

Enhancing spontaneous recovery after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Temporal External Validation of the TWIST Prediction Tool for Time to Independent Walking after Stroke.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026
Same author

The Accuracy of the PREP2 Prediction Tool for Upper Limb Outcomes After Stroke as Part of Routine Clinical Care.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026
Same author

Protocol considerations for single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology·2025
Same author

A novel TMS framework for assessing neurophysiological recovery at the subacute stage after stroke.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2025
Same journal

Global epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic accuracy of a two-cut-off approach using the FAQ/MMSE ratio and FAQ for clinical preselection of patients for anti-amyloid therapy.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Cancer risk and mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis in Finland: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Visuospatial working memory in Huntington's disease: behavioural and structural brain correlates.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Characteristics and outcomes in electric scooter-related traumatic brain injuries in Helsinki.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
Same journal

Chronological ageing and ovarian reserve in MS: insights from anti-Müllerian hormone and disability progression.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke
09:10

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

Published on: February 22, 2020

8.6K

Do lower limb motor-evoked potentials predict walking outcomes post-stroke?

Marie-Claire Smith1,2, Benjamin J Scrivener2,3, Cathy M Stinear4

  • 1Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|October 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lower limb motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) one week after stroke can predict independent walking. However, clinical factors like age and stroke severity are stronger predictors of walking recovery than MEP status.

Keywords:
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, MOTORREHABILITATIONSTROKE

More Related Videos

Standing Neurophysiological Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscles Post-Stroke
08:23

Standing Neurophysiological Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscles Post-Stroke

Published on: July 26, 2021

2.5K
Use of a Foot-Induced Digitally Controlled Resistance Device for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Foot Paresis
08:58

Use of a Foot-Induced Digitally Controlled Resistance Device for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Foot Paresis

Published on: July 7, 2023

326

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke
09:10

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

Published on: February 22, 2020

8.6K
Standing Neurophysiological Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscles Post-Stroke
08:23

Standing Neurophysiological Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscles Post-Stroke

Published on: July 26, 2021

2.5K
Use of a Foot-Induced Digitally Controlled Resistance Device for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Foot Paresis
08:58

Use of a Foot-Induced Digitally Controlled Resistance Device for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Foot Paresis

Published on: July 7, 2023

326

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Stroke recovery of lower limb function is a critical area of research.
  • Predictive biomarkers for walking recovery are essential for personalized rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if lower limb (LL) motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) measured one week post-stroke can predict independent walking recovery at three and six months.
  • To assess the predictive value of MEPs for the use of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or walking aids.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving non-ambulatory stroke participants recruited within five days of stroke.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess tibialis anterior MEP status one week post-stroke.
  • Clinical assessments included age, NIHSS, ankle strength, LL motricity index, and Berg Balance Test; functional outcomes (FAC, AFO/walking aid use) were assessed at three and six months.

Main Results:

  • Independent walking (FAC ≥ 4) was achieved by 81% at three months and was better predicted by age, LL strength, and Berg Balance Test (92% accuracy) than MEP status (73% accuracy).
  • AFO use was better predicted by NIHSS and MEP status (88% accuracy) than MEP status alone (76% accuracy).
  • No variables reliably predicted the use of walking aids.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of LL MEPs one week post-stroke predicts independent walking, but their absence does not preclude it.
  • Clinical factors (age, balance, stroke severity) are stronger predictors of independent walking than MEP status.
  • LL MEP status has limited value as a standalone biomarker for predicting walking outcomes post-stroke.