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Novel technologies are turning a dream into reality: conditionally replicating viruses as vaccines

Yan-Dong Tang1, Changqing Yu2, Xue-Hui Cai3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China.

Trends in Microbiology
|October 5, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Conditionally replicating viruses (CRVs) are engineered for safe replication in specific conditions, crucial for vaccine development. Novel biotechnologies offer new ways to generate CRVs, overcoming traditional limitations.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Biotechnology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Conditionally replicating viruses (CRVs) possess impaired essential gene functions, limiting their replication.
  • CRVs require specific conditions or gene complements for propagation.
  • These viruses are valuable tools in biomedical research, especially for vaccine applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review traditional and novel methods for generating CRVs.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of emerging CRV generation technologies.
  • To identify challenges for the market introduction of CRVs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of traditional CRV generation using complementary cell lines.
  • Analysis of novel CRV generation techniques, including targeted protein degradation (TPD) and premature termination codon (PTC) read-through.
  • Discussion of the pros and cons associated with these advanced biotechnologies.

Main Results:

  • Traditional CRV generation relies on complementary cell lines.
  • Novel methods like TPD and PTC read-through offer alternative strategies for CRV production.
  • These new technologies present distinct benefits and drawbacks compared to conventional approaches.

Conclusions:

  • CRVs are essential for biomedical research and vaccine development.
  • Emerging biotechnologies provide innovative avenues for CRV generation.
  • Overcoming specific challenges is necessary for the successful commercialization of CRVs.
Keywords:
PROTAC virusPTC virusanticodon engineered tRNAconditionally replicating virusgenetic codon expansionvaccine

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