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[Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: A case-control study].

Romina Abelleira1, Carlos Zamarrón1, Vanessa Riveiro1

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes (preDM). Age, nocturnal hypoxemia, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) predict DM, while BMI and AHI predict prediabetes in OSA patients.

Keywords:
Apnea obstructiva del sueñoDiabetes mellitus tipo 2Obstructive sleep apnoeaPrediabetesType 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prevalent and often coexist.
  • Their combined presence increases cardiovascular comorbidity risk.
  • The association between OSA and DM/prediabetes (preDM) is frequently underdiagnosed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between OSA and DM/preDM.
  • To identify independent predictors of DM and preDM in patients with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized case-control study design was employed.
  • Participants were matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).
  • Data collected included Epworth sleepiness scale scores, Apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), and oxygen desaturation indices.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of DM was significantly higher in OSA patients (18.8%) compared to controls (10.1%).
  • Prediabetes prevalence was also significantly higher in the OSA group (41.8%) versus controls (10.6%).
  • Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was reported by 59.6% of OSA patients versus 24.5% of controls.

Conclusions:

  • OSA is significantly associated with both DM and preDM.
  • Independent predictors for DM in OSA patients include age, nocturnal hypoxemia, and EDS.
  • BMI and AHI were identified as predictors for prediabetes in individuals with OSA.