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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry
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Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

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Assessing Extracellular Vesicles in Human Biofluids Using Flow-Based Analyzers.

Kevin Ho Wai Yim1, Olga Krzyzaniak1, Ala'a Al Hrout1

  • 1Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|October 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nano-analyzers like NanoFCM offer superior extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis, accurately sizing, quantifying, and identifying EV markers. This advanced flow cytometry method reveals unique EV signatures in biofluids with clinical potential.

Keywords:
biofluidsextracellular vesiclesliquid biopsiesnano-analyzersnanoFCM

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial biomarkers but challenging to analyze due to their small size and low refractive index, often falling below standard flow cytometer detection limits.
  • Spectral flow analyzers and nano-analyzers represent advanced cytometry technologies with enhanced sensitivity and resolution for particle detection.
  • Immune cell-derived EVs hold significant clinical potential but remain poorly characterized, necessitating advanced analytical techniques for comprehensive phenotyping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively evaluate the extracellular vesicle (EV) phenotyping performance of the Aurora spectral flow analyzer and the NanoFCM nanoflow analyzer.
  • To assess the suitability of these advanced cytometry platforms for analyzing immune cell-derived EVs and EVs from human biofluids.
  • To identify unique EV marker signatures in biofluids with potential clinical relevance.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of the Aurora (Cytek) spectral cell analyzer and the NanoFCM (nFCM) nanoflow analyzer for EV phenotyping.
  • Utilized B- and T-cell line-derived EVs and human biofluid-derived EVs (plasma, urine, saliva) characterized with a panel of immune markers.
  • Evaluated EV size accuracy, particle concentration measurement, marker subset identification, and surface marker co-localization capabilities of both platforms.

Main Results:

  • NanoFCM accurately analyzes small EVs (40-200 nm) with size precision comparable to electron microscopy.
  • NanoFCM precisely measures single EV particle concentration per volume and identifies underrepresented EV marker subsets.
  • Unique EV marker signatures were identified in human biofluids, suggesting future clinical relevance; both platforms have distinct strengths for different research needs.

Conclusions:

  • NanoFCM provides high-resolution analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), excelling in size accuracy, quantification, and detailed marker analysis.
  • The study highlights the potential of nano-analyzers for characterizing immune cell-derived EVs and discovering clinically relevant EV signatures in biofluids.
  • Both spectral and nano-flow cytometry platforms offer unique advantages, catering to diverse research interests in EV analysis.