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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.7K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

24.0K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Single crystal formation in core-shell capsules.

Marie Mettler1, Adrien Dewandre1, Nikolay Tumanov2

  • 1Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium. jean.septavaux@secoya-tech.com.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|October 6, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces solid microcapsules for microfluidic crystallization, enabling rapid screening of conditions and compound characterization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of encapsulated crystals showcases potential for polymorphism screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Microfluidic methods offer precise control for chemical processes.
  • Efficient crystallization techniques are crucial for compound characterization and drug discovery.
  • Current methods can be limited in throughput and sample handling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate solid microcapsules for microfluidic-based crystallization.
  • To demonstrate the high-throughput generation of uniform microcapsules for crystallization screening.
  • To showcase the utility of this method for direct characterization of encapsulated crystals, including polymorphism screening.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microfluidic system for generating solid microcapsules.
  • High-throughput production of hundreds of identical microcapsules per second.
  • Direct X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of single crystals within microcapsules.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated hundreds of perfectly similar solid microcapsules per second.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of performing XRD analyses directly on encapsulated single crystals.
  • Showcased the method's potential for rapid screening of crystallization conditions and compound polymorphism.

Conclusions:

  • Solid microcapsules represent a novel extension to microfluidic crystallization techniques.
  • This approach facilitates rapid screening and characterization of crystalline compounds.
  • The method holds promise for accelerating materials discovery and pharmaceutical development through efficient polymorphism screening.