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Boosting 2-photon vision with adaptive optics.

Hannah K Doyle^1,2, Sofie R Herbeck^1,3, Alexandra E Boehm^4,5

¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Journal of Vision

|October 6, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The two-photon (2-photon) effect in vision can be significantly enhanced using adaptive optics. This technology boosts the visibility of 2-photon vision, enabling potential new retinal imaging systems.

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Area of Science:

Vision Science
Ophthalmology
Biophysics

Background:

The two-photon (2-photon) effect in vision involves the absorption of two photons by cone photopigment, creating a sensation of light at half the wavelength.
This effect is particularly noticeable with infrared light, as human vision is largely insensitive to single-photon absorption at these wavelengths.
Short-pulsed lasers and adaptive optics can enhance the 2-photon effect by concentrating photons in time and space, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the enhancement of the 2-photon effect using adaptive optics.
To provide evidence for the photoreceptor-level occurrence of the 2-photon effect.
To outline specifications for a system combining 2-photon vision and adaptive optics for retinal imaging and stimulation.

Main Methods:

Color-matching experiments were conducted to measure the luminance increase of the 2-photon effect with adaptive optics.
Image-based evidence was gathered to support the photoreceptor-level localization of the 2-photon effect.
Calculations were performed to determine system specifications for a combined 2-photon vision and adaptive optics system.

Main Results:

Adaptive optics correction resulted in a 25-fold increase in the luminance of the 2-photon effect, equivalent to a 96% reduction in pulse width.
Image-based findings confirmed that the 2-photon effect occurs at the photoreceptor level.
The study computed specifications for a system capable of imaging and stimulating the retina using infrared light and adaptive optics.

Conclusions:

Adaptive optics significantly enhances the luminance and visibility of the 2-photon vision effect.
The 2-photon effect is localized at the photoreceptor level.
A single infrared wavelength system utilizing 2-photon vision and adaptive optics could achieve luminance levels comparable to conventional displays for retinal imaging and stimulation.