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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Single-Grating Monolithic Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer: An Investigation on the Effects of Detector

Evan M Kelly1, Miles J Egan1, Arelis Colόn2

  • 1Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|October 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluates how different cameras (CCD, ICCD, CMOS) impact single-grating monolithic spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometers (1g-mSHRS). Camera pixel utilization and chip dimensions significantly affect fringe visibility and signal-to-noise ratio for enhanced spectral analysis.

Keywords:
1g-mSHRSCCDCMOSICCDRaman spectrumSingle-grating monolithic spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometercharge-coupled devicecomplementary metal–oxide–semiconductordetector effectsfringe visibilityintensified CCDmineralsorganic compounds

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometers (SHRSs) offer advantages over traditional dispersive and Michelson spectrometers by eliminating entrance slits and scanning mirrors.
  • The single-grating monolithic SHRS (1g-mSHRS) configuration provides increased spectral range and a more rigid, compact design without moving parts.
  • Previous research has explored various SHRS designs, but the impact of detector choice on the 1g-mSHRS performance requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different camera detectors (CCD, ICCD, CMOS) on the performance of the single-grating monolithic spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (1g-mSHRS).
  • To evaluate how camera parameters, such as pixel count and chip dimensions, affect key performance metrics like fringe visibility and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • To analyze the effect of pixel pitch on Fizeau fringe recovery, considering factors like Nyquist frequency and aliasing.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of three camera types: charge-coupled device (CCD), intensified CCD (ICCD), and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) cameras.
  • Testing the 1g-mSHRS system with geological, organic, and inorganic samples.
  • Utilizing a 532 nm continuous wave laser for CCD and CMOS, and a 532 nm pulsed laser for ICCD, to assess system performance under different conditions.

Main Results:

  • Increasing the number of pixels used along the camera's x-axis enhances fringe visibility (FV) and optimizes spectral resolution by capturing the full grating.
  • The number of pixels along the y-axis, chip size, and dimensions directly influence the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the spectroscopic system.
  • Pixel pitch was found to affect Fizeau fringe recovery, with implications for understanding the relationship between Nyquist frequency, aliasing, and FV.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of camera detector and its pixel utilization are critical factors in optimizing the performance of 1g-mSHRS systems.
  • Careful consideration of camera specifications, including pixel count and chip dimensions, is necessary for maximizing fringe visibility and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • This study provides valuable insights for selecting appropriate detectors to enhance the capabilities of compact, slit-free Raman spectrometers.