Effect of Nano-selenium on exosomes secretion associated with sperm maturation within the epididymis

Selenium is commonly used as a supplement in the poultry diet and plays an important role in male fertility. However, the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on exosome secretion associated with spermatozoa in the epididymis is largely unknown. H&E staining, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to study the effect of Se-NPs on exosomes secretion associated with sperm maturation in epididymis. The results indicated that the Se-NPs showed a significant contribution to sperm concentration by light microscopy. It was observed that there was an increase in the spermatozoa concentration in the epididymis of the treated group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, exosome secretion, the expression of tumor susceptibility gene-101 (TSG-101) and cluster of differentiation (CD-63) proteins was identified by immunochemistry, immunofluorescence assay, and western blotting. After nano-selenium treatment, the exosome markers TSG-101 and CD-63 were strong positive immunoreactivity and immunosignaling in the lumen followed by epithelial lining of the epididymis. However weak positive immunoreactivity and immunosignaling were seen of TSG-101 and CD63 in the control group. In addition, highly significant protein expression of TSG-101 and CD63 in the treated group as compared to the control group was confirmed by western blotting. In conclusion, the above findings provide rich evidence about the Se-NPs play a dynamic role in exosome secretion that might be essential for sperm motility and maturation within epididymis.