[Regulation effect of serum IFN-γ and IL-4 expression on immune response in patients with oral lichen planus]

To investigate the regulation effect of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the serum of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) on immune response.

A total of 83 OLP patients in Wangfujing Branch of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the experimental group, and another 61 healthy volunteers who came to the hospital during the same period were included as the control group. The expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the serum and the expression of immune function indexes of the two groups were compared. The relationship between the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and immune function indicators in the experimental group was analyzed. SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the data.

The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of IFN-γ between patients with reticulated OLP and erosive OLP in the experimental group (P＞0.05). The level of IL-4 in patients with erosive OLP in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in patients with reticulated OLP(P＜0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4, CD16⁺+CD56⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05), the levels of CD8⁺ and CD19⁺ in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The levels of IgG, IgM and CH50 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05), and the levels of IgA, C3 and C4 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of IFN-γ in the experimental group was negatively correlated with CD16⁺+CD56⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ (P＜0.05), the level of IL-4 in the experimental group was negatively correlated with CD16⁺+CD56⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺(P＜0.05), and the level of IL-4 in the experimental group was positively correlated with IgG (P＜0.05).

Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 in OLP patients are abnormally high, and IL-4 expression is significantly higher in erosive OLP patients. The cellular and humoral immune functions of OLP patients are disordered and related to the regulation of CD16⁺+CD56⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, and IgG immune responses.