Natural language processing for identification of refractory status epilepticus in children

Fatemeh Mohammad Alizadeh Chafjiri1, Latania Reece1,2, Lillian Voke1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Epilepsia
|October 7, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Natural language processing (NLP) tools like DrT significantly improve the identification of pediatric refractory status epilepticus (rSE) cases in electronic health records (EHRs). This NLP-assisted approach enhances patient discovery compared to manual review alone.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Pediatric status epilepticus (SE) is a critical pediatric emergency with significant mortality and morbidity.
  • Electronic health records (EHRs) offer a cost-effective method for analyzing care and outcomes, but manual review is labor-intensive.
  • Identifying refractory status epilepticus (rSE) cases efficiently is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of a natural language processing (NLP)-assisted screening method with traditional manual review for identifying pediatric rSE cases in EHRs.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity and efficiency of the NLP tool Document Review Tool (DrT) in detecting rSE.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the NLP tool DrT to generate regular expressions and trained a bag-of-words NLP classifier on EHR data from 2017-2019.
  • Tested the NLP algorithm on EHR data from February to December 2012.
  • Compared the case identification results from NLP-assisted search followed by manual review against results from manual review alone.

Main Results:

  • The NLP-assisted approach reviewed 400 notes, identifying 31 rSE cases, including 12 new cases missed by manual review.
  • The NLP model achieved a sensitivity of 96.88% (31/32 cases), significantly higher than the 62.5% sensitivity (20/32 cases) from manual review alone.
  • DrT successfully reduced the number of notes requiring manual review while increasing the detection rate of rSE.

Conclusions:

  • The NLP tool DrT provides a highly sensitive method for identifying pediatric rSE cases within EHRs, outperforming manual review.
  • NLP-assisted EHR review is a suitable and efficient application for identifying patients with a history of rSE.
  • This approach facilitates near real-time implementation of monitoring and treatment strategies for rSE.
Abstract