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Evolution at multiple processing levels underlies odor-guided behavior in the genus Drosophila.

Ana Depetris-Chauvin1, Diego Galagovsky2, Ian W Keesey2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.

Current Biology : CB
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Summary

Evolution of the olfactory system in drosophilid species reveals that genetic distance and ecological niche shape olfactory receptor evolution, antennal lobe structure, odor coding, and behavior. These changes involve multiple processing levels, not just one.

Keywords:
Drosophilaantennal lobebehaviorcalcium imagingevolutionolfactionolfactory receptors

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Area of Science:

  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Neuroscience
  • * Sensory systems biology

Background:

  • * Olfaction is crucial for animal survival, guiding food location.
  • * The evolutionary mechanisms and behavioral impacts of olfactory system changes remain largely unknown.
  • * Understanding olfactory system evolution provides insights into species adaptation and diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the evolutionary trajectory of olfactory systems across five drosophilid species with distinct ecological niches.
  • * To compare olfactory system structures, odorant responses, and genetic underpinnings across species.
  • * To identify key factors driving the evolution of olfaction and associated behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • * Identification of species-specific food odorants and assessment of odorant preferences.
  • * Comparative analysis of antennal lobe (AL) structure and generation of glomerular atlases.
  • * Development of GCaMP transgenic lines for in vivo calcium imaging of olfactory sensory neurons.
  • * Analysis of olfactory receptor (OR) gene sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

Main Results:

  • * Species-specific odorant preferences were established, with generally similar odor coding in sensory neurons despite some distinct tuning profiles.
  • * Greater evolutionary distance and habitat divergence correlated with more pronounced differences in odor coding.
  • * Changes in olfactory receptor (OR) sequences were identified as a partial driver of observed differences in odor coding.
  • * Olfactory system evolution is a multi-level phenomenon, influenced by genetic distance and ecological niche.

Conclusions:

  • * Phylogeny and ecological niche are critical determinants in the evolution of olfactory receptors, AL structure, odor coding, and behavior.
  • * Olfactory system evolution is a complex, multi-faceted process involving coordinated changes across different processing levels.
  • * This study provides a framework for understanding how sensory systems adapt to diverse environments.