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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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A simulation-optimization approach based on the compound eutrophication index to identify multi-nutrient allocated

Yanqun Yang1, Keqiang Li1, Shengkang Liang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|October 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine eutrophication is a global issue. This study developed a nutrient load optimization method for the Bohai Sea, reducing nutrient pollution and improving ecosystem health.

Keywords:
Bohai SeaCompound eutrophication indexEutrophicationMulti-nutrient load controlTotal maximum allocated load

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Environmental Management
  • Water Quality

Background:

  • Eutrophication from nutrient enrichment is a significant global marine ecosystem concern.
  • Controlling marine eutrophication requires effective nutrient load optimization methods.
  • Multi-nutrient regimes and cross-regional loads complicate eutrophication management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a synergistic multi-nutrient control method for the Bohai Sea.
  • To link multi-nutrient pressures with eutrophication states using a compound eutrophication index (CEI).
  • To calculate total maximum allocated loads (TMALs) for key nutrients and pollutants.

Main Methods:

  • A simulation-optimization approach was employed.
  • The second level of the compound eutrophication index (CEIII) was used as the eutrophication control standard.
  • Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads were optimized.

Main Results:

  • 154 high load pressure jurisdictions (HLPJs) contributing to eutrophication were identified.
  • Optimized annual reduction rates for TDN, TDP, and COD were set at 15%, 11%, and 2% respectively.
  • Eutrophicated areas in the Bohai Sea are projected to decrease from 32% in 2020 to 15% in 2025 and 0% by 2035.
  • The DIN/DIP molar ratio is projected to decrease to 16:1 by 2035.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CEI-based TMALs and simulation-optimization approach enhance land-sea coordination for marine nutrient control.
  • This method provides a stable marine nutrient regime and supports coastal ecosystem health improvement.
  • The study offers scientific and technological support for managing marine eutrophication.