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Related Experiment Videos

Experimental lead toxicity in the ring-necked duck.

M Mautino, J U Bell

    Environmental Research
    |December 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lead poisoning in ring-necked ducks causes significant blood changes and toxicity signs. Blood lead and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels peaked early, while delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) activity recovered over time.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental toxicology
    • Avian physiology
    • Wildlife health

    Background:

    • Lead shot ingestion is a significant threat to waterfowl populations.
    • Understanding lead toxicity mechanisms in birds is crucial for conservation efforts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological effects of ingested lead shot in ring-necked ducks.
    • To monitor hematological and biochemical changes following lead exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Ring-necked ducks were administered a single lead shot via gastric intubation.
    • Weekly measurements included body weight, hematocrit, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), blood lead, and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) activity.
    • Fluoroscopy was used to confirm pellet retention throughout the 7-week study period.

    Main Results:

    • Blood lead concentrations peaked at 1 week post-dosing (7.75 µg/ml) and returned to baseline by Week 4.
    • Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels increased dramatically (approx. 1200% of control) at Week 1, normalizing in parallel with blood lead.
    • Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) activity was inhibited by 85% at Week 1, with gradual recovery observed over 7 weeks.
    • Four ducks died within 2-3 weeks; surviving birds showed peak toxicity signs (ataxia, weight loss, GI issues) at 7-10 days, with recovery by Week 7.

    Conclusions:

    • Single lead shot ingestion causes acute lead toxicity in ring-necked ducks, characterized by rapid changes in blood parameters.
    • While physiological markers like FEP and ALAD show significant disruption, surviving birds can exhibit recovery over a 7-week period.
    • Lead exposure poses a mortality risk and induces severe clinical signs in waterfowl, highlighting the ecological impact of lead ammunition.

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