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Enhancing bovine abortion surveillance: A learning experience.

H Van Loo¹, O Bogado Pascottini¹, S Ribbens²

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

Journal of Dairy Science

|October 8, 2023

Summary

Bovine abortions and perinatal mortalities (APM) are underreported, even with mandatory reporting. Increased APM submissions were linked to enhanced diagnostics and free sample collection, but rates remain below the expected 2%.

Keywords:

abortion cattle disease monitoring perinatal mortality

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Animal Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Bovine abortions and perinatal mortalities (APM) significantly impact the cattle industry.
Infectious agents are often primary suspects, with some, like Brucella abortus, posing zoonotic risks.
Underreporting of APM cases hinders timely detection of infectious and zoonotic causes, with regional factors influencing submission rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the trends in APM case submissions within Belgium's mandatory brucellosis monitoring program.
To investigate the influence of subsidized initiatives on APM submission rates.
To identify animal and herd-level factors affecting the APM proportion (APM_PR).

Main Methods:

Calculation of APM_PR based on APM submissions and the proportion of bovine reproductive females.
Utilizing linear models to explore factors influencing APM_PR at animal and herd levels.
Analyzing data in relation to the introduction of an extensive analytical panel, free on-farm sample collection, and specific pathogen outbreaks/eradication programs.

Main Results:

APM_PR increased from 0.44% to 0.94% with enhanced diagnostics and free sample collection.
An outbreak of Schmallenberg virus (1.23%) and BVDv eradication (1.20%) correlated with increased APM_PR.
Higher APM_PR observed in beef vs. dairy cattle, winter vs. other seasons, smaller herds, herds with previous APM submissions, and herds with evidence of BVDv.

Conclusions:

Mandatory APM monitoring, enhanced diagnostics, and free sample collection increased submission rates.
Beef production, winter season, smaller herds, prior APM history, and BVDv presence are associated with higher APM_PR.
Despite improvements, APM_PR remains below the expected 2%, indicating continued underreporting and the need for further research to improve farmer submission rates.