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PANoptosis: Emerging mechanisms and disease implications

Zehong Qi1, Lili Zhu1, Kangkai Wang1

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China.

Life Sciences
|October 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

PANoptosis, a programmed cell death (PCD) involving pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is regulated by PANoptosome complexes. Understanding PANoptosis offers new therapeutic targets for various diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • PANoptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD) distinct from pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
  • It is characterized by the assembly of a multi-protein complex known as the PANoptosome.
  • Four types of PANoptosomes have been identified, each with specific sensors, adaptors, and catalytic effectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the accumulating evidence on the roles and mechanisms of PANoptosis in innate immunity.
  • To discuss the potential of manipulating PANoptosis as a therapeutic strategy for various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PANoptosis, PANoptosomes, and related cell death pathways.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying PANoptosome assembly and activation.
  • Discussion of the implications of PANoptosis in innate immunity and disease.

Main Results:

  • PANoptosis involves the synchronous activation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, mediated by distinct PANoptosome complexes.
  • PANoptosomes are assembled through sensors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), linked by adaptors to catalytic effectors.
  • Different PAMPs or DAMPs trigger specific PANoptosome assembly pathways in a context-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • PANoptosis represents a crucial component of the innate immune response.
  • The intricate mechanisms of PANoptosis and its regulation by PANoptosomes highlight its significance.
  • Targeting PANoptosis presents a promising therapeutic avenue for treating a range of diseases.
Keywords:
AIM2NLRP12PANoptosisPANoptosomeRIPK1ZBP1

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